📚 Wiki Longevity & Anti-Aging Glutathione

Glutathione

● Widely Studied (multiple indications)
L-Glutathione (Reduced), GSH
Also known as: GSH, L-Glutathione, gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine, reduced glutathione
Brand names: Setria, Kyowa Glutathione
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Quick Summary

Glutathione is the most abundant intracellular antioxidant, synthesized from glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. It neutralizes reactive oxygen species, supports immune function, detoxifies xenobiotics via conjugation reactions, and recycles vitamins C and E. IV glutathione is used clinically for Parkinson's disease and skin brightening. Oral bioavailability is significantly improved by liposomal formulations.

Immune & Anti-Aging Widely Studied
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant intracellular antioxidant in the human body, synthesized from glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. It neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS), supports immune cell function, facilitates xenobiotic detoxification via conjugation reactions, and recycles other antioxidants (vitamins C and E). Intravenous glutathione is used clinically for Parkinson's disease, chemotherapy side effects, and skin brightening. Oral bioavailability is debated, but sublingual and liposomal formulations improve absorption.
Storage Stability
Lyophilized
6–12 months (2–8°C)
Reconstituted
~30 days (2–8°C)
Room temp
Avoid

Mechanism of Action

ROS Neutralization

Glutathione donates electrons to neutralize free radicals, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide. The oxidized form (GSSG) is then recycled back to GSH by glutathione reductase, requiring NADPH as a cofactor.

Phase II Detoxification

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) conjugate GSH to electrophilic xenobiotics (drugs, toxins, environmental chemicals), making them water-soluble for renal excretion. This is the primary liver detoxification mechanism for many compounds.

Immune Support

Intracellular GSH is essential for T-cell proliferation and NK cell function. GSH depletion in lymphocytes impairs immune response. HIV, aging, and chronic disease all deplete GSH levels.

Skin Brightening

GSH inhibits tyrosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in melanin synthesis, and shifts melanogenesis from eumelanin (dark) to phaeomelanin (lighter pigment). This accounts for its use in skin-lightening protocols.

Research Summary

Parkinson's Disease

IV glutathione (600–1,200 mg 3x/week) improves motor function in Parkinson's disease in open-label studies. Mechanism involves protection of dopaminergic neurons from oxidative stress.

Skin Brightening

Multiple RCTs (primarily from Southeast Asia) confirm oral glutathione (500 mg/day for 4–12 weeks) produces measurable skin lightening via tyrosinase inhibition.

Athletic Recovery

Oral supplementation (500–1,000 mg/day) reduces exercise-induced oxidative stress markers and improves recovery time in endurance athletes.

Oral Bioavailability

Standard oral GSH has poor GI absorption. Setria (reduced L-glutathione) and liposomal formulations show significantly better plasma GSH elevation in human studies.

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Research Protocols

IV Protocol

600–1,200 mg IV push (slow, over 10–15 min) 2–3x weekly. Often combined with vitamin C (5,000–25,000 mg IV).

IM Protocol

600 mg IM once or twice weekly. Administer slowly, IM glutathione can cause local discomfort.

Oral/Sublingual

500 mg/day sublingual or liposomal formulation for general antioxidant support. Take on empty stomach.

NAC Alternative

N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 600 mg/day) is the most cost-effective oral glutathione precursor and raises GSH levels more reliably than direct oral GSH supplementation.

Storage & Handling

lyophilized" class="wiki-gloss-link">Lyophilized glutathione powder: room temperature, dry, away from light. Reconstituted solution: use immediately or store at 2–8°C for no more than 24 hours. Glutathione oxidizes rapidly, reduced (GSH) form converts to oxidized (GSSG) on exposure to air and light.


References

  • [1]Perricone C, et al. "Glutathione: a key player in autoimmunity." Autoimmun Rev, 2009.
  • [2]Weschawalit S, et al. "Glutathione and skin lightening in healthy Thai females." J Dermatol Sci, 2017.
  • [3]Richie JP, et al. "Randomized controlled trial of oral supplementation with L-glutathione (Setria)." Eur J Nutr, 2015.
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Data Sources & External References
Source: peer-reviewed literature  ·  Domain: ascendpeptide.org
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